Why this happens

Intimate images shared inside a relationship survive long after the relationship ends. The most common trigger is a contested breakup, a new partner, or financial dispute.

Most leaks are first posted to platforms the perpetrator believes are anonymous. They rarely are. Account metadata, IP logs, and payment records routinely identify the source.

Legal framework in Portugal

Código Penal artigo 199 (gravações e fotografias ilícitas). Up to 2 years imprisonment or fine.

Portugal addresses intimate image abuse through article 199 covering unlawful recording and photography, supplemented by the general right to image under article 79 of the Civil Code. The CNPD enforces GDPR erasure rights.

Evidence to preserve

Do not: Do not contact the ex partner before evidence is preserved and notices are filed. Confrontation gives them time to delete content and craft a denial.

Five step removal process

  1. 1

    Preserve all evidence first

    Full page screenshot of every URL where the content appears, with the URL bar visible. The username or account handle that posted the content.

  2. 2

    File the Article 199 Código Penal criminal complaint

    Report to local police or the national cybercrime unit. Linha Internet Segura can assist.

  3. 3

    Submit an erasure request under GDPR Article 17 (right to erasure)

    Each major platform has a designated data protection contact. The request must cite the legal basis and identify the URLs. The platform has 30 days to respond. CNPD accepts complaints for non compliance.

  4. 4

    Run a biometric scan to find every additional copy

    Content posted to one platform is rarely confined to one platform. ScanErase identifies every current hosting location in a single scan, including mirror copies and AI generated variants.

  5. 5

    File TAKE IT DOWN Act notices for covered platforms

    Use your scan report to file the federal 48 hour notice yourself, in parallel with your domestic rights. The two regimes are cumulative, not exclusive.

Statutory citations to include in your complaint

Frequently asked questions

Is leaked by ex a crime in Portugal?

Yes. Código Penal artigo 199 (gravações e fotografias ilícitas) criminalises this conduct. Up to 2 years imprisonment or fine.

What evidence should a Portugal victim of leaked by ex preserve?

Full page screenshot of every URL where the content appears, with the URL bar visible. The username or account handle that posted the content. Any direct messages, texts, or emails from the ex partner referencing the content. The original image metadata if you still have the source file, which can prove provenance.

Does GDPR Article 17 (right to erasure) apply to this scenario?

Yes. GDPR Article 17 (right to erasure) gives the victim a direct erasure right against any platform processing the imagery. CNPD enforces non compliance.

What support is available in Portugal for leaked by ex?

Linha Internet Segura provides direct support to victims and can assist with both the criminal complaint and the platform removal process. Contact at https://www.internetsegura.pt.

Can a Portugal victim also file a US TAKE IT DOWN Act notice?

Yes when the hosting platform is subject to US jurisdiction. The 48 hour federal removal obligation runs in parallel with rights under Article 199 Código Penal and GDPR Article 17 (right to erasure).

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