NCII & Deepfake Glossary

Core NCII Concepts

What Is NCII?

NCII, non-consensual intimate imagery, refers to any intimate, sexual, or nude image shared without the consent of the p...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Revenge Porn?

Revenge porn is a colloquial term for the non-consensual sharing of intimate or sexual images, typically by a former rom...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Image-Based Abuse?

Image-based abuse encompasses a broad range of harms resulting from intimate or sexual images used without consent, incl...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Non-Consensual Pornography?

Non-consensual pornography is a legal term for sexual imagery distributed without the consent of the depicted person. It...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Sextortion?

Sextortion is a form of online blackmail in which a perpetrator uses real or fabricated intimate images as leverage to e...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is a Sextortion Scam?

A sextortion scam is an organized, often mass-automated extortion campaign in which perpetrators, frequently criminal ne...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Online Blackmail?

Online blackmail is the use of digital content, including intimate images, private messages, financial information, or p...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is a Non-Consensual Intimate Visual Depiction?

Non-consensual intimate visual depiction (NCIVD) is the term used to describe any visual depiction, photograph, video, o...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Image-Based Sexual Abuse?

Image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) is the preferred academic and policy term for the full range of harms caused by intimate...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Unsolicited Intimate Imagery?

Unsolicited intimate imagery refers to intimate or sexual photographs or videos sent to a person who did not request the...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is Cyber Exploitation?

Cyber exploitation broadly refers to using digital technology to target individuals for financial gain, sexual gratifica...

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Core NCII Concepts

What Is a Non-Consensual Video?

A non-consensual video is any recording of intimate or sexual content involving a real person that was created or distri...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is a Deepfake?

A deepfake is a synthetic media file in which artificial intelligence is used to generate or superimpose a person's real...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is a Deepfake Video?

A deepfake video is a synthetic video in which AI replaces one person's face with another's, typically inserting a real ...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is a Face Swap?

A face swap is an AI technique that replaces one person's face with another in an image or video in real time or in post...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is AI-Generated Imagery?

AI-generated imagery is any visual content created by an artificial intelligence model, such as a diffusion model or GAN...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is Synthetic Media?

Synthetic media is the general category of audio, image, and video content produced or significantly altered by artifici...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is a Diffusion Model?

A diffusion model is a type of generative AI that creates photorealistic images by iteratively refining random noise int...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is a GAN?

A GAN, generative adversarial network, is an AI architecture that pits two neural networks against each other to generat...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is AI Face Generation?

AI face generation refers to the use of generative AI models to create photorealistic human faces, either entirely synth...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is Deepfake Detection?

Deepfake detection is the technical discipline of identifying AI-generated or AI-manipulated imagery and video. ScanEras...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is Deepfake Revenge Porn?

Deepfake revenge porn involves the non-consensual creation and distribution of AI-generated intimate imagery depicting a...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is AI-Generated Nude Imagery?

AI-generated nude imagery is synthetic nudity created by generative AI models. When it depicts a real, identifiable indi...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is Photo Manipulation?

Photo manipulation in the NCII context refers to digitally altering, through compositing, editing software, or AI, cloth...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is Morphed Imagery?

Morphed imagery in the NCII context refers to images that blend real photographs of an individual with synthetic or othe...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is AI Impersonation?

AI impersonation uses generative AI to replicate a real person's visual appearance, voice, or identity to deceive others...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is a Fake Nude?

A fake nude is any digitally created or manipulated image that appears to show a real person without clothing, where no ...

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Deepfake & AI

What Is Nudify AI?

Nudify AI refers to a category of consumer tools that use generative AI to algorithmically create nude or partially nude...

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Legal Framework

What Is the TAKE IT DOWN Act?

The TAKE IT DOWN Act is the 2026 federal law establishing a 48-hour discovery mandate for non-consensual intimate imager...

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Legal Framework

What Is 47 U.S.C. § 223a?

47 U.S.C. § 223a is the section of the U.S. Code that details obligations regarding non-consensual intimate visual depic...

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Discovery Framework

What Is a Face Exposure Discovery Tool?

A face exposure discovery tool enables users to identify the online presence of their facial images, helping them unders...

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Legal Framework

What Is a DMCA Takedown?

A DMCA takedown is a formal notice filed under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to find content that may infringe th...

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Legal Framework

What Is the Right to Be Forgotten?

The right to be forgotten is a principle allowing individuals to find outdated, irrelevant, or harmful personal informat...

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Legal Framework

What Is GDPR Article 17?

GDPR Article 17 requires EU-regulated entities to provide access to an individual's personal data upon request when spec...

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Legal Framework

What Is a Civil Protection Order?

A civil protection order (CPO) is a court order that prohibits a named individual from specific conduct. In NCII cases, ...

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Legal Framework

What Is Statutory Damages?

Statutory damages are a set amount that a victim is entitled to recover under a statute without having to prove specific...

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Discovery Framework

What Is a Private Right of Action?

A private right of action is a statutory right for individual victims to pursue discovery on their own, relying on their...

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Content Discovery

What Is a Trust and Safety Report?

A trust and safety report is a voluntary content discovery submission to an online platform's internal team finding harm...

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Discovery Framework

What Is a Discovery Report?

A discovery report is generated when you upload a face photo, allowing users to find where their face appears online. Sc...

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Legal Framework

What Is a DMCA Designated Agent?

A DMCA designated agent is the official contact registered with the U.S. Copyright Office to receive DMCA notices on beh...

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Legal Framework

What Is Digital Evidence?

Digital evidence in NCII cases includes any electronically stored information - screenshots, URLs, metadata, threat mess...

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Discovery Framework

Deepfake Discoveries by State

As of 2026, 46 U.S. states have enacted legislation specifically addressing deepfakes or non-consensual intimate imagery...

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Legal Framework

VAWA and Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) has been enhanced through successive reauthorizations to tackle technology-facilit...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Biometric Scanning?

Biometric scanning for face exposure discovery uses facial recognition, specifically face embedding extraction and match...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Facial Recognition?

Facial recognition is an AI technology that identifies or verifies the identity of a person by analyzing and comparing p...

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Technical Concepts

What Is a Face Embedding?

A face embedding is a numerical vector, typically 128 to 512 numbers, that encodes the geometric relationships between f...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Reverse Image Search?

Reverse image search is a technology that identifies web pages containing an exact or visually similar copy of a query i...

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Technical Concepts

What Is a Biometric Hash?

A biometric hash is a compact, irreversible numerical representation of biometric data, similar to a cryptographic hash ...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Image Hashing?

Image hashing creates a compact numerical fingerprint of an image that can be compared against other images to find iden...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Image Scraping?

Image scraping is the automated collection of images from websites, social media profiles, or platforms using software b...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Content Moderation?

Content moderation is the process by which online platforms review and flag content that violates their policies or appl...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Deepfake Detection Technology?

Deepfake detection technology refers to a range of computational tools that analyze imagery to identify synthetic or AI-...

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Technical Concepts

What Is Image Scraping for AI Training?

Image scraping for AI training is the practice of collecting vast numbers of images from the internet, often without con...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Images from Google

Google has a dedicated tool for finding non-consensual intimate imagery that operates separately from the source platfor...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Images on Bing

Microsoft Bing allows users to explore their image presence online. Using ScanErase can help find where your face appear...

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Image Discovery

How to Find Images of Yourself on Reddit

Reddit hosts a vast array of content, including user-uploaded images. ScanErase helps you find where your face appears b...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Images on Telegram

Telegram is a common distribution channel for NCII, particularly through private channels and bots. Discovery involves u...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Images on Pornhub

Pornhub has implemented dedicated NCII reporting mechanisms following legal pressure and now processes Section 223a repo...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Images on Facebook

Meta (Facebook and Instagram) has implemented dedicated NCII reporting tools including integration with StopNCII.org, wh...

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Face Exposure Discovery

How to Find Your Face in Deepfakes on Social Media

Finding deepfake images of your face on social media involves using each platform's reporting mechanisms. Platforms must...

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Platform Discovery

What Is NCMEC's Take It Down Program?

Take It Down is a program operated by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) that helps minors dis...

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Platform Discovery

What Is an OnlyFans Leak?

An OnlyFans leak is the non-consensual redistribution of content from a subscription-based platform, most commonly OnlyF...

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Victim Experience

What Is Cyber Harassment?

Cyber harassment is repeated, targeted online conduct designed to intimidate, embarrass, distress, or harm a specific in...

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Victim Experience

What Is Digital Trauma?

Digital trauma describes the psychological harm caused by technology-facilitated abuse including NCII distribution, cybe...

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Victim Experience

What Is Online Grooming?

Online grooming is the process by which a perpetrator deliberately builds a relationship of trust, affection, or depende...

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Victim Experience

Who Is Targeted by Deepfakes?

Deepfake non-consensual imagery predominantly targets women, teenagers, and public figures, with 99% of deepfakes depict...

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Victim Experience

What to Do If Your Images Are Shared Online

If your images have been found online without your consent, take these steps immediately: document the content, preserve...

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Victim Experience

How to Report Sextortion

To report sextortion: do not pay; preserve all evidence; report to the FBI's IC3 at ic3.gov; report to local law enforce...

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Victim Experience

How to Find Your Face in Revenge Porn

To find your face in revenge porn (NCII): document the content; use ScanErase to find where your face appears; report to...

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Victim Experience

How to Protect Yourself from Deepfakes

Complete protection from deepfake NCII is not possible while you have any public online presence. However, reducing phot...

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Victim Experience

What Is Digital Privacy?

Digital privacy is the right to control what personal information about you exists online and who can access it. In the ...

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Victim Experience

What Is a Burner Account?

A burner account is an anonymous or pseudonymous online account created with false or minimal identity information. Perp...

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Victim Experience

How to Find Images of Yourself Online

Finding images of yourself online, including NCII, requires both standard reverse image search tools and biometric face ...

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Statistics

Deepfake Statistics 2026

Deepfake NCII production has grown exponentially since 2020, driven by accessible consumer AI tools. In 2026, an estimat...

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Statistics

Sextortion Statistics 2026

Sextortion is one of the fastest-growing cybercrime categories. The FBI received over 18,500 sextortion-related complain...

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Statistics

Revenge Porn Statistics 2026

Revenge porn, NCII distributed by intimate partners or ex-partners, affects an estimated 1 in 8 women under 30 in the Un...

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Statistics

Deepfakes and Minors

Deepfake NCII targeting minors has emerged as a distinct and rapidly growing crisis. NCMEC received over 26,000 sextorti...

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Statistics

Deepfakes and Celebrities

Celebrities are disproportionately targeted by deepfake NCII, accounting for an estimated 58% of all deepfake intimate c...

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Identity & Privacy

What Is Doxxing?

Doxxing is the non-consensual publication of an individual's private personal information, home address, workplace, phon...

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Identity & Privacy

What Is Online Identity Theft?

Online identity theft is the unauthorized appropriation and use of another person's digital identity, including their na...

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Identity & Privacy

What Is Social Media Image Theft?

Social media image theft is the unauthorized copying and misuse of photographs from someone's social media profiles, com...

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Identity & Privacy

What Is Online Exploitation?

Online exploitation is a broad category of harmful conduct that uses digital platforms to exploit individuals, including...

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Identity & Privacy

What Is Face Recognition Privacy?

Face recognition privacy refers to the legal and ethical concerns around collecting, storing, and using biometric facial...

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Identity & Privacy

How to Find Your Face on the Internet

Complete removal from the internet is not possible, but systematic discovery of your digital footprint can significantly...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on X (Twitter)

X is a prominent platform for image sharing. ScanErase can help you find where your face is displayed in its indexed con...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on TikTok

TikTok's algorithm can expose your face to a wide audience. Knowing where your image appears is crucial in today's digit...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on Discord

Discord's private server structure makes it challenging to track unauthorized images, but ScanErase can help you find ma...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on Snapchat

Snapchat's ephemeral format creates a false sense of security. Screenshots of Snapchat content that have been shared on ...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on LinkedIn

LinkedIn is a critical platform for discovering potential misuse of your image. Find out where your face may appear onli...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on YouTube

YouTube's scale means that videos can accumulate millions of views quickly. Knowing where your face appears helps you ta...

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on xVideos

xVideos processes user reports through a dedicated channel. Scanning results help identify matches for your face online....

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Platform Discovery

How to Find Your Face on Instagram

ScanErase can identify instances of your face on Instagram and Facebook. Our scanning technology enables thorough discov...

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Legal Term

What Is Section 230?

Section 230 provides platforms immunity for user-posted content, but new legislation creates direct platform obligations...

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Legal Term

What Is Platform Liability for NCII?

Platforms that do not adhere to valid Section 223a notices may encounter liability issues. This creates obligations that...

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Legal Term

What Is a Doe Subpoena?

A Doe subpoena enables victims to uncover the identities of anonymous individuals, allowing them to take action against ...

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Legal Term

What Is Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress?

Intentional infliction of emotional distress provides NCII victims a basis to seek accountability for psychological harm...

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Legal Term

What Is Publication of Private Facts?

Publication of private facts is a privacy tort that relates to NCII statutory claims. It applies when intimate content i...

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Legal Term

What Is a Preservation Letter?

A preservation letter requests that a platform keep user account data and content safe before it is deleted or overwritt...

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Legal Term

What Is a Cease and Desist Letter for NCII?

A cease and desist letter may deter some perpetrators, but it can also lead to re-uploads or escalation. Understanding t...

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Legal Term

What Is Cyberstalking?

Federal cyberstalking (18 U.S.C. § 2261A) and NCII law often overlap when intimate images are used to harass. Both sets ...

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Legal Term

What Is a Temporary Restraining Order for NCII?

A temporary restraining order prohibits a perpetrator from further sharing intimate images. TROs can be granted within 2...

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AI Technology

What Is Stable Diffusion?

Stable Diffusion is the most widely used open-source AI image generation model for creating NCII deepfakes. Its open-sou...

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AI Technology

What Is a LORA Model?

A LORA model fine-tuned on your photos can generate realistic intimate content of you specifically....

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AI Technology

What Is Inpainting?

Inpainting allows AI tools to replace portions of existing photos with generated content, enabling the creation of expli...

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AI Technology

What Is Face Reenactment?

Face reenactment creates videos that appear to show a real person saying or doing things they never did. It is important...

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AI Technology

What Is Generative AI?

Generative AI, the technology behind ChatGPT, DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion, poses risks when misused to crea...

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AI Technology

What Is the Content Authenticity Initiative?

The Content Authenticity Initiative develops open standards for image provenance that can help identify when images have...

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International Law

What Is the UK Online Safety Act?

The UK Online Safety Act establishes criminal offenses for sharing intimate images without consent and mandates that pla...

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International Law

What Is the GDPR Right to Find and Report?

GDPR Article 17 requires platforms processing EU personal data to provide access to it on request. Intimate images are p...

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International Law

What Is the EU Digital Services Act (DSA)?

The EU DSA requires very large online platforms to enhance transparency for online content including face exposure. It s...

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Prevention Guide

How to Protect Your Photos from Deepfakes

No protection is absolute, but restricting public photos, using cloaking tools, and monitoring with ScanErase significan...

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Prevention Guide

How to Preserve Digital Evidence of NCII

Digital evidence improperly collected may be challenged. Learn the correct preservation methods and how ScanErase's repo...

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Prevention Guide

How to Report to NCMEC

NCMEC's CyberTipline at cybertipline.org is the primary reporting pathway for intimate images of minors. Reports are rou...

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Prevention Guide

How to Find an NCII or Deepfake Attorney

NCII attorneys specialize in discovering non-consensual intimate imagery cases, civil lawsuits, and criminal case suppor...

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Statistics & Research

NCII Statistics 2026

Approximately 1 in 12 US adults have experienced some form of non-consensual intimate imagery sharing. The vast majority...

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Support & Recovery

What Is Secondary Victimization?

Secondary victimization, harm caused by systems or individuals responding poorly to NCII victims, is as common as primar...

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Support & Recovery

What Is Digital First Aid?

The first 24 hours after discovering NCII online are the most critical. Digital first aid prioritizes: emotional safety ...

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NCII Concept

What Is AI Sextortion?

AI sextortion creates fake intimate images and uses them as blackmail, even when the victim never took intimate photos. ...

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Legal Term

What Is the Right of Publicity?

The right of publicity protects individuals from unauthorized commercial use of their likeness, providing additional leg...

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Technical Term

What Is Facial Geometry?

Facial geometry, the mathematical structure of facial proportions, is preserved in deepfakes even when everything else i...

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Technical Term

What Is Perceptual Hashing?

Perceptual hashing creates image fingerprints that detect visually similar content, aiding in the discovery of unauthori...

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Technical Term

What Is a VPN in the Context of NCII?

VPNs can protect victim privacy during NCII research while simultaneously making it harder to trace perpetrators. Unders...

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Legal Term

What Is a Privacy Attorney?

Privacy attorneys handle NCII civil lawsuits and digital harassment cases. The CCRI provides free referrals to NCII-spec...

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Support & Recovery

What Is Trauma-Informed Support?

Trauma-informed support for NCII victims emphasizes safety, choice, and avoiding re-traumatization. It is distinct from ...

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Prevention Guide

How to Secure Your Accounts After an NCII Incident

Account security is a critical step after NCII discovery. Perpetrators who accessed your accounts must be locked out to ...

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