Criminal framework

Penal Code (revised) section 377BB (voyeurism) and 377BC (distribution of voyeuristic image or recording), inserted by the Criminal Law Reform Act 2019. The statute was enacted 2019. Section 377BB: up to 2 years imprisonment, fine, or caning. Section 377BC: up to 5 years imprisonment, fine, or caning.

Civil and data protection framework

Personal Data Protection Act 2012 plus Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act provides the parallel civil route. Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) is the national supervisory authority and accepts complaints against any controller processing intimate imagery without lawful basis. The official site is https://www.pdpc.gov.sg.

Direct takedown authority

The Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2022 empowers IMDA to issue directions to social media services to disable access to egregious content including non consensual intimate images.

Official victim support

SHE Singapore is the recognised support service. Available at https://she.org.sg.

Five step removal process for Singapore victims

  1. 1

    Preserve evidence before any contact with the perpetrator

    Capture full page screenshots with URLs visible. Save the original files. Note timestamps. This evidence supports both the Penal Code sections 377BB and 377BC complaint and any Personal Data Protection Act 2012 plus Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act request.

  2. 2

    File a criminal complaint under Penal Code sections 377BB and 377BC

    Report to local police or the national cybercrime unit. SHE Singapore can assist with the report.

  3. 3

    Submit an erasure request under Personal Data Protection Act 2012 plus Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act

    Send a written request to each platform's designated data protection contact citing the legal basis. PDPC can be petitioned if the platform fails to comply within 30 days.

  4. 4

    Send a US TAKE IT DOWN Act notice in parallel for covered platforms

    When the platform is subject to US jurisdiction, the 48 hour federal removal obligation applies in parallel with your domestic rights. ScanErase files these notices automatically.

  5. 5

    Track and escalate non compliant platforms

    Document every notice and every response. Use the regulator's takedown authority for non compliant platforms.

Frequently asked questions

What is the criminal NCII statute in Singapore?

Penal Code (revised) section 377BB (voyeurism) and 377BC (distribution of voyeuristic image or recording), inserted by the Criminal Law Reform Act 2019. Enacted 2019. Section 377BB: up to 2 years imprisonment, fine, or caning. Section 377BC: up to 5 years imprisonment, fine, or caning.

Who enforces data protection rights in Singapore?

Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) is the national authority. Official site: https://www.pdpc.gov.sg.

Is there an official victim support service in Singapore?

Yes. SHE Singapore provides direct help to victims. Site: https://she.org.sg.

Does any regulator in Singapore have direct takedown power?

The Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2022 empowers IMDA to issue directions to social media services to disable access to egregious content including non consensual intimate images.

Can a Singapore resident also use the US TAKE IT DOWN Act?

Yes when the hosting platform is subject to US jurisdiction. The TAKE IT DOWN Act applies to covered platforms regardless of where the victim resides. ScanErase's scan finds every US covered platform hosting your images, so you can file notices there in parallel with Personal Data Protection Act 2012 plus Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act requests.

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